Simulationbased investigation of asf spread and control in wildlife without. Scientific report on epidemiological analyses of african swine fever in the baltic states and poland published on 7 november 2017. Epidemiology of african swine fever virus sciencedirect. African swine fever asf is a highly contagious, reportable, and deadly viral disease affecting both domestic and feral wild pigs. African swine fever asf resembles classical swine fever csf hog cholera so closely that laboratory tests are required to differentiate them.
Overview of african swine fever generalized conditions. Asf is caused by a unique virus which is distinct from that of csf and which infects only domestic and. The controls at borders on passenger luggages have been intensified in bips since may 2016, and the permanence of personnel is assured 2424 hours. Can a vaccine save the worlds pigs from african swine fever. The disease affects domestic and wild pigs and can involve tick vectors. Pdf tropical animal health and production prevalence of. Architecture of african swine fever virus and implications. African swine fever virus asfv is a large, enveloped dna. African swine fever virus asfv is a dna virus in the asfarviridae family. Serum samples were collected from a total of four hundred and sixty 460 pigs, including. African swine fever causes substantial economic losses in the swine industry in affected countries. Strategic approach to the management of african swine.
Usda continues to prevent african swine fever from entering. The disease can result in devastating losses for pig farmers and the pig industry in affected countries. African swine fever the center for food security and public health. African swine fever asf is a complex disease of swine, caused by a large dna virus belonging to the family asfarviridae.
Asfv is the cause of african swine fever and related diseases in. African swine fever virus is a large enveloped doublestranded dna virus that is the sole member of the genus asfivirus within the family asfarviridae asfar african swine fever and related viruses. Viral genotypes have been identified by sequence analysis. African swine fever asf is an important contagious haemorrhagic viral disease affecting swine whose notification is mandatory due to its high mortality rates and the great sanitary and socioeconomic impact it has on international trade in animal and swine products. African swine fever asf is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease of pigs, warthogs, european wild boar and american wild pigs. African swine fever asf is a highly contagious disease of swine that poses enormous economic losses due to its high mortality rate and rapid spread 1,2. African swine fever department of primary industries. African swine fever asf, caused by african swine fever virus, is a hemorrhagic and often fatal disease of domestic pigs and wild boar, which is notifiable to the world organization for animal health. Asfv is the cause of african swine fever and related diseases in porcine species.
Since our last report, china has reported new outbreaks of asf in domestic pigs, and mongolia and vietnam have now reported their first outbreaks of asf in domestic pigs. A manual for veterinarians manual 19 issn 18101119 fao animal production and health african swine fever asf is a contagious viral disease that causes a haemorrhagic fever in pigs and wild boar, and is often associated with lethality. African swine fever food safety european commission. Asf is currently present in africa and europe where it circulates in different scenarios causing a high socioeconomic impact. African swine fever virus asfv usually circulates in subsaharan africa, where it is thought to have originated in wild warthogs but has become a. It does not affect humans nor does it affect other animal species other than pigs and wild boars. African swine fever national invasive species information. The disease shows variable clinical signs, with high case fatality rates, up to 100%, in the acute forms. Since august 2018, asf has been rapidly spreading throughout china and asia. African swine fever asf is a highly contagious disease that affects the domestic pig and wild boar population. Highlights african swine fever is a highly contagious swine disease with severe socioeconomic consequences. Sop manual african swine fever etiology and ecology genome characteristics. African swine fever marches across much of asia science. During the past decade, asfv has spread into eastern europe and russia 1,2 and most recently into china 3,4 and belgium.
African wild swine warthogs and bush pigs are usually inapparently infected. African swine fever in wild boar and african wild suids dwhc. Classification of the causative agent resistance to physical. Asf is caused by a large, double stranded dna virus, asf virus asfv, which replicates predominantly in the cytoplasm of macrophages and is the only member of the asfarviridae family, genus asfivirus. Severe cases of the disease are characterized by high fever and death in 210 days on average. African swine fever is an important viral disease of pigs that has become a serious threat to worldwide pork production since 2007. Asf virus can persist for long periods in uncooked pork products. Epidemiological considerations on african swine fever in. African swine fever asf is a viral disease of pigs and wild boar that is usually fatal. Variation in genetic diversity helped understanding asf regional epidemiological patterns. On august 3, 2018, china reported the first outbreak of asf in shenyang, a northeastern city of china. In the roy schultz lecture, he describes the contributing factors that have accelerated the movement of asf across europe and china, and what lessons can be learned for u. Signs and symptoms of african swine fever pdf, 209 kb traveler tips pdf, 389 kb usda is monitoring the recent outbreaks of asf is asia and europe, and has proactively taken steps to increase our safeguarding efforts to keep the disease out of the united states. African swine fever background african swine fever asf is a highly contagious disease of swine that has not been detected in the united states to date.
Depending on virus strain and immunological status of the animal, infection can lead to a wide range of clinical presentations varying from peracute to chronic disease, including apparently asymptomatic courses 2, 3. African swine fever virus asfv is highly contagious and often lethal. Because african swine fever is highly contagious and deadly to pigs, economies and the food supply are being affected around the world. This disease only affects porcine species, both wild and domestic, and produces a variety of clinical signs such as fever. Relevant measures to prevent the spread of african swine fever in. In order to avert asf spread, mitigation measures targeting both populations have been established. Pdf african swine fever in the daniel beltran alcrudo. African swine fever asf is a highly contagious disease of wild and domestic suids with high rates of morbidity and mortality. In poland, the numbers of reported outbreaks in pigs and affected areas grow every year. African swine fever asf is a devastating infectious disease of pigs, usually deadly. African swine fever is an infectious viral disease of domestic and feral pigs.
The disease has spread globally in recent years with serious economic conse. It can be transmitted either via direct animal contact or via dissemination of contaminated food e. African swine fever virus asf is a serious, highly resistant, viral disease. Relevant measures to prevent the spread of african swine. The clinical signs and postmortem lesions of the two diseases are almost indistinguishable. African swine fever a guide for veterinarians pdf, 1227. With high virulence forms of the virus, asf is characterized by high fever, loss of appetite. Draftmarch 2019 ii the foreign animal disease preparedness and response plan fad prepdisease response strategy. This study investigated the prevalence of african swine fever virus asfv and classical swine fever virus csfv antibodies in pigs in benue state, nigeria.
African swine fever virus asfv is an enveloped, doublestranded dna virus in the family asfarviridae and genus asfivirus. Classification of the causative agent resistance to. April 30 may 14, 2020 world animal health information and analysis department 1 benin, burkina faso, burundi, cabo verde, central african republic, congo democratic rep. African swine fever asf is a contagious viral disease that causes a haemorrhagic fever in pigs and wild boar, and is often associated with lethality of up to 100 percent. Other clinical signs may include loss of appetite, depression. Pathogenesis of african swine fever in domestic pigs and european wild boar. Pdf african swine fever status in europe semantic scholar. Jan, 2020 african swine fever is also not to be confused with swine flu, caused by an unrelated virus of the influenza group that can cause respiratory symptoms in pigs and sometimes in people. Of, cote divoire, gambia, ghana, guineabissau, madagascar, malawi, mozambique namibia, nigeria, senegal. Infectious dose of african swine fever virus when consumed. It is an economically important disease that is enzootic in many african countries and the mediterranean island, sardinia.
Mar 29, 2019 african swine fever is a large, icosahedral, linear double. The applied biosystems vetmax african swine fever virus detection kit cat. Regional epidemiological patterns involve different hosts and mechanisms of transmission. Originally classified as an iridovirus, it was found to have many characteristics of. African swine fever virus asfv is a large, doublestranded dna virus in the asfarviridae family. Epidemic outbreaks of this disease constitute a huge economic burden for affected countries. African swine fever 2019 provides strategic guidance for responding to an animal health emergency caused by african swine fever asf in the united states. Depner from the institute of epidemiology in germany is a worldrenowned expert on asf. Asf is not a human health or food safety concern because it only affects swine and can not be transmitted from pigs to humans. A comparison of sai restriction maps from 23 african swine fever virus field isolates 8 african, 11 european, and 4 american has shown that the virus genome.
For further information refer to emergency animal diseases field guide for australian veterinarians and the animal health australia current situation with african swine fever. African swine fever asf is a severe viral disease of pigs that can spread very rapidly in pig herds. African swine fever facing romania european commission. African swine fever 3 what are the clinical signs of asf. African swine fever virus asfv is maintained in africa via a complex transmission cycle involving african wild suid species, soft ticks, and domestic pigs. African swine fever asf is a viral hemorrhagic disease with different clinical and lesional changes depending of virulence of strainsisolates and immunological. In recent weeks, it has jumped borders to vietnam, cambodia, mongolia, hong kong, and possibly north korea. African swine fever aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent african swine fever virus asfv is a dna virus in the asfarviridae family. African swine fever virus an overview sciencedirect topics. The african swine fever manual used to be a technical handbook about the disease. The african swine fever virus asfv is a unique double stranded dna virus, the only member of the family asfarviridae, which infects mainly porcine macrophages and causes a devastating disease in domestic pigs and wild boars. It is caused by a unique dna virus that is maintained in an.
A comparison of sai restriction maps from 23 african swine fever virus field isolates 8 african, 11 european, and 4 american has shown that the virus genome consists of a central region with a. A28809 enables detection of the african swine fever virus asfv in swine blood, serum, or tissues by real. The severity and distribution of the lesions also vary according to virulence of the virus. Asfivirus is the only genus in the asfaviridae family, and over 20 genotypes of varying virulence have been recorded. It is the causative agent of african swine fever asf.
Pdf african swine fever asf is a devastating haemorrhagic fever of pigs that causes up to 100% mortality, for which there is no vaccine. It persistently infects its natural hosts, warthogs, bushpigs, and soft ticks of. The natural hosts of this virus include wild suids and. African swine fever asf is an infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs, caused by. The aim of this study was to describe the introduction and spread of the asf virus in western europe 1960. Asfv is unique in that it is the only member of the genus asfivirus and the only known dna arthropodborne virus arbovirus. In fenners veterinary virology fifth edition, 2017. First reported in northeastern china in august 2018, the highly contagious, often fatal pig disease quickly swept through the country, causing the death or culling of more than 1 million pigs. Later research revealed that asfv likely arose in eastern and southern africa and subsequently spread throughout much of subsaharan africa. African swine fever asf detection and diagnosis food and. African swine fever asf is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease of pigs that produces a wide range of clinical signs and lesions that closely resemble those of classical swine fever see classical swine fever.
African swine fever fastfact iowa state university. This asf disease response strategy was last updated in march 2019. Strategic approach to the management of african swine fever. It can result in a very high mortality rate in infected pigs and no vaccine or treatment is available. Pdf on apr 16, 2014, armanda bastos and others published african swine fever find, read and cite all the research you need on. More information on clinical presentation and investigation can be found at. African swine fever virus is the only known dna arbovirus and is transmitted by soft ticks of the genus ornithodoros. Usda continues to prevent african swine fever from. May 10, 2017 african swine fever asf is a highly contagious viral disease of swine which causes high mortality, approaching 100%, in domestic pigs. Mar 19, 2019 signs and symptoms of african swine fever pdf, 209 kb traveler tips pdf, 389 kb usda is monitoring the recent outbreaks of asf is asia and europe, and has proactively taken steps to increase our safeguarding efforts to keep the disease out of the united states. African swine fever asf is a highly contagious viral disease of swine which causes high mortality, approaching 100%, in domestic pigs. Traditionally confined to africa with only occasional incursions into other regions, asf began. These are from a controlled animal study where pigs were infected with virulent asf virus, similar to the virus. African swine fever asf is a contagious viral disease that affects pigs of all ages, induc.
Disease caused by asfv is characterized by severe disseminated hemorrhage, and casefatality rates approach 100%. African swine fever asf is a fatal viral disease of pigs, affecting domestic pigs and wild boar of all ages without sex predilections. Since 2007, african swine fever asf has posed a serious threat to the european swine industry. The spread of african swine fever asf in asia is taking a worrisome turn. African swine fever poses a significant risk to the canadian pork industry and the canadian economy a world supplier of pork canada is the thirdlargest pork exporting country in both value and volume and represents about 20% of world pork trade. Oct 26, 2018 african swine fever asf, caused by african swine fever virus, is a hemorrhagic and often fatal disease of domestic pigs and wild boar, which is notifiable to the world organization for animal health. African swine fever virus asfv usually circulates in subsaharan africa, where it is thought to have originated in wild warthogs but has become a common virus in domesticated pigs. African swine fever asf is a devastating hemorrhagic viral disease of pigs, affecting domestic and wild pigs of all ages and sexes. African swine fever asf is a contagious disease of domestic and wild pigs caused by the african swine fever virus asfv. African swine fever images to show clinical signs and pathology. African swine fever asf is a devastating haemorrhagic fever of pigs that causes up to 100% mortality, for which there is no vaccine.
During the past decade, african swine fever asf has spread from the. The virus can cause a wide range of clinical signs in infected pigs, and can spread very rapidly. First described in the 1920s in kenya, asf is listed by the. In 2018, the disease was noted in western europe, in belgium specifically, where several hundred infected wild boars have been detected so far. As of october 8, a total of 33 asf outbreaks were reported in eight provinces in china, the. African swine fever virus asfv is an emerging threat to swine production in north america and europe. The virus causes a hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in domestic pigs. African swine fever virus persistence in different. Causative organism african swine fever virus asfv is a large about 200 nm lipoproteinenveloped, icosahedral, doublestranded dna virus. Rapid detection of african swine fever virus using cas12a. African swine fever virus is a large enveloped doublestranded dna virus that is the sole member of the genus asfivirus within the family asfarviridae asfarafrican swine fever and related viruses. There is no treatment or cure other than supportive care for the animals and there is no vaccine.
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